Template:Citation/doc

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The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).

The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.

All parameter names are lowercase.

Simple citation

This template gives the most commonly used attributes. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}

{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| year = \| title = \| publisher = \| publication-place = \| page = \| url = \| accessdate = }}

last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with author.
first: The author's first or given name(s).
year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless |{{#if:date|date=}} specifies both month and year.
title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
- publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
- accessdate: Date^{[n 1]} when the url was accessed.

Example

{{Citation \| last = Turner \| first = Orsamus \| title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve \| publisher = William Alling \| place = Rochester, New York \| year = 1851 \| id = {{OL\|7120924W}} }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve	;\|;\|,}} "History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation
| author  =
| last    =
| first   =
| author2 =
| last2   =
| first2  =
| author-link  =
| author2-link =
| author-separator =
| author-name-separator =
| author-mask =
| display-authors =
| editor        =
| editor-last   =
| editor-first  =
| editor2       =
| editor2-last  =
| editor2-first =
| editor-link   =
| editor2-link  =
| others   =
| publication-date =
| date     =
| year     =
| origyear =
| title    =
| chapter  =
| chapter-url  =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| type    =
| journal =
| periodical =
| newspaper  =
| magazine   =
| work =
| edition =
| series  =
| volume  =
| issue   =
| publisher =
| publication-place =
| place    =
| language =
| page  =
| pages =
| nopp  =
| at   =
| id   =
| isbn =
| issn =
| oclc =
| pmid =
| pmc  =
| bibcode =
| doi =
| doi_inactivedate =
| zbl =
| url =
| accessdate  =
| format      =
| archiveurl  =
| archivedate =
| quote      =
| layurl =
| laysource  =
| laydate    =
| separator  = ,
| postscript =
| ref =
}}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

parent
OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a comma (,).

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See: Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

Use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError||{{#if:date|date=}}27 September 2007}} not {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError||{{#if:date|date=}}27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)}}

Use of templates within the citation template, is generally discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters:

|{{#if:periodical|periodical=}}, |{{#if:journal|journal=}}, |{{#if:newspaper|newspaper=}}, |{{#if:magazine|magazine=}}, |{{#if:work|work=}}, |{{#if:website|website=}}, |{{#if:encyclopedia|encyclopedia=}}, |{{#if:encyclopaedia|encyclopaedia=}}, |{{#if:dictionary|dictionary=}}
|{{#if:chapter|chapter=}}, |{{#if:contribution|contribution=}}, |{{#if:entry|entry=}}, |{{#if:article|article=}}, |{{#if:section|section=}}
|{{#if:title|title=}}
|{{#if:publicationplace|publicationplace=}}, |{{#if:publication-place|publication-place=}}, |{{#if:place|place=}}, |{{#if:location|location=}}
|{{#if:date|date=}}, |{{#if:year|year=}}, |{{#if:publicationdate|publicationdate=}}, |{{#if:publication-date|publication-date=}}
|{{#if:series|series=}}, |{{#if:version|version=}}
|{{#if:volume|volume=}}
|{{#if:issue|issue=}}, |{{#if:number|number=}}
|{{#if:page|page=}}, |{{#if:pages|pages=}}, |{{#if:at|at=}}
|{{#if:edition|edition=}}
|{{#if:publisher|publisher=}}, |{{#if:distributor|distributor=}}, |{{#if:institution|institution=}}
|{{#if:url|url=}}
|{{#if:chapterurl|chapterurl=}}, |{{#if:chapter-url|chapter-url=}}, |{{#if:contributionurl|contributionurl=}}, |{{#if:contribution-url|contribution-url=}}, |{{#if:sectionurl|sectionurl=}}
|{{#if:author#|author#=}}, |{{#if:Author#|Author#=}}, |{{#if:authors#|authors#=}}, |{{#if:author#-last|author#-last=}}, |{{#if:author-last#|author-last#=}}, |{{#if:last#|last#=}}, |{{#if:surname#|surname#=}}
any of the named identifiers (|{{#if:isbn|isbn=}}, |{{#if:issn|issn=}}, |{{#if:doi|doi=}}, |{{#if:pmc|pmc=}}, etc)

Deprecated

The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:

{{#if:yes|* {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|day · month}}: Use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|date}} to include the day, month and year.

{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|coauthor · coauthors}}: Use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|last#}} / {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|first#}} or {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|author}} or {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|authors}}|* {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|access-date · accessday · accessdaymonth · accessed · accessmonth · accessmonthday · accessyear}}: Use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|accessdate}} to include the full date of access.
{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|day{{#if:| · date2 · month2 · year2}}}}: Use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|date}} to include the day, month and year.
{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|dateformat · doilabel}}: These parameters are no longer supported.}}

Description

Authors

last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: last1, author, authors, author1{{#if:|, }}.
- first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Aliases: first1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.

{{#if: yes|

- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn). By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author. See the display parameters to change. Aliases: author1 through authorn.

|

- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through last9, first9 for up to nine authors. By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author. See the display parameters to change. Aliases: author1 through author9.}}

authorlink: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: authorlink1, author-link, author1-link, author1link.

{{#if: yes|

OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlinkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.

|

OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlink9. Aliases: author1-link through author9-link.}}{{#if: yes|

{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|coauthors}}: (deprecated) Names of coauthors. Requires author, authors, or lastn Include coauthors in author or authors or use separate authorn or lastn/firstn to list coauthors.}}{{#if: yes|
others: To record other contributors to the work, such as Illustrated by John Smith or Translated by John Smith.}}

When using {{#ifeq:y|y|shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes}} or {{#ifeq:y|y|parenthetical referencing|Parenthetical referencing}} styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Editors

editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editors{{#if: |, editorn.|.}}
- editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through {{#if: |editorn-last, editorn-first|editor4-last, editor4-first for up to four editors}}.

editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
OR: for multiple editors, use {{#if: |editor1-link through editorn-link|editor1-link through editor4-link}}.

Display:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by {{#if: |the included work, then "In" and the editors|the editors and the included work}}, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."{{#if: |; exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al., eds." unless display-editors is used.|; more than three editors will be followed by "et al., eds."}}

Title

{{#switch:

|encyclopedia=encyclopedia |#default = title}}: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. {{#switch:Citation |Cite journal |Cite web |Cite news |Cite press release |Cite conference |Cite podcast = Displays in quotes |#default = Displays in italics}}. {{#if:|If script-title is defined, title holds romanized transliteration of title in script-title.}}{{#if:|

- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, etc); not italicized, follows italicized transliteration defined in title. May be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
  ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...}}
- trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after {{#switch:

|encyclopedia=encyclopedia |#default = title}}; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	\|
space	[	]	\|

{{#ifeq:italics|quotes|

When the title you are citing contains quotations marks or apostrophes at the beginning, end or both, you can use   to place a separation between that punctuation and the quotation marks this template automatically provides around the title, to avoid a non-ideal display such as '''.

For example instead of {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|title='name'}} which will display on many browsers with the quotation marks surrounding it as {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError|'''name'''}}, use {{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError||title=}}{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError| }}'name'{{#ifeq:Template||Template:FormattingError| }}, which will display as " 'name' ".}}

{{#switch:

| booktitle = booktitle | #default = chapter}}: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. {{#switch:Citation |Cite journal |Cite web |Cite news |Cite press release |Cite conference |Cite podcast = Not displayed even if set |#default = Displays in quotes}}.

- trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the {{#switch:

| booktitle = booktitle | #default = chapter}} field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. {{#if:|Defaults to .|Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release.}}

language: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name{{#if:yes| or ISO 639-1 code; use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of {{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:Citation/doc|1}}|Stub types for deletion |Cat:CS1 foreign language sources

| Category:CS1 foreign language sources

}}}}; do not use templates.

Date

date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year{{#if:yes|, season and year}}, year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.^{[date 1]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 2]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 3]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 4]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 5]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 6]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 7]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 8]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 9]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{The template only supports up to 9 references (edit it!).}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Required when year is used to disambiguate {{{{#if: |subst:}}sfn{{#if: ||{{{2}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||…}}}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.{{#if:| Aliases: }} {{#if:yes|For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1#Dates.}}

{{#if:yes|:For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |{{#if:date|date=}}c. 1900; for no date, add as |{{#if:date|date=}}n.d. }}

OR:
- year: Year of source being referenced. Required with some types of {{#if:{{#if:||yes}} |}}{{#if:yes | |{{#if:|}} }}{{#if: | |{{}}{{#if: |subst:}}{{#if: |}}{{#if:yes || {{#if: |{}}Template:!((:{{#ifeq:s|: |Sfn |{{#switch:

                        |  = Template:{{#if:sfn|Sfn|Citation/doc}}
                        | #default = {{#if:sfn|Sfn|Template:Citation/doc}}
                     }}}}|}}{{#if: |{}}{{#if:sfn|sfn|{{#ifeq:Template|Template|Citation/doc|Template:Citation/doc}}}}{{#if: |}}}{{#if:yes | |Template:!)){{#if: |}}}}}{{#if: |}}{{#if: |}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{3}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{4}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{5}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{6}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{7}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{8}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{9}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{10}}}}}{{#ifeq:¬|¬ | ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||…}}{{#if: |}}{{#if: | |}}}}{{#if:yes |}}{{#if:{{#if:||yes}} |}} citations;^[more] otherwise use date.

origyear: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |{{#if:origyear|origyear=}}First published 1859 or |{{#if:origyear|origyear=}}Composed 1904.{{#if:|
OR: began: Full date the first part of the program or episode aired.
AND: ended: Full date the last part of the program or episode aired.}}{{#if:| Aliases:}}

 1 }}
     | references-column-width 
     | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}
   | {{#if: 
     | references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if: 
   | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}
     | Template:Column-width
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   | {{#if: 
     | Template:Column-width }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch: date
   | upper-alpha
   | upper-roman
   | lower-alpha
   | lower-greek
   | lower-roman = date
   | #default = decimal}};">


↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{2}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{3}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{4}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{5}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{6}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{7}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{8}}}
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{9}}}

Periodical

work: Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical.
issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number.{{#if:|
department: Regular department within the periodical. Displays after title and is in plain text.}}

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:
title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
chapter is italicized and is not enclosed in quotes.
location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.
page and pages do not show p. or pp.
edition does not display.
type does not display.

Publisher

publisher: Name of publisher{{#ifeq:|yes|. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of the work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Displays before title.  Do not wikilink— use publisher-link instead.
publisher-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the publisher—not the publisher's website; do not wikilink.|; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title{{#ifeq:|no|.|; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.}}}}
place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date.  Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher) that presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank); or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer; or where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO); or if the deliverer requests attribution; or as suggested in WP:The Wikipedia Library (e.g. Credo, HighBeam). |{{#if:via|via=}} permits adding a level of detail to "say where you found it" within the syntax of the citation template. |{{#if:via|via=}} is not intended to replace |{{#if:publisher|publisher=}}. See also |{{#if:registration|registration=}} and |{{#if:subscription|subscription=}}.

Edition, series, volume

edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Displays " ed." after this field, so |{{#if:edition|edition=}}2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

volume: For one publication published in several volumes. {{#if: |Displays after the title and series fields; volumes of four characters or less display in bold.|Displays after the title and series fields; displays in bold— if bolding is not desired, then include the volume information in the title field.}}

In-source locations

page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |{{#if:page|page=}} or |{{#if:pages|pages=}}, but not both. Displays preceded by <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">p.</syntaxhighlight> unless |{{#if:nopp|nopp=}}y{{#if: | or work (or an alias) is defined}}.
OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |{{#if:page|page=}} or |{{#if:pages|pages=}}, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">pp.</syntaxhighlight> unless |{{#if:nopp|nopp=}}y{{#if: | or work (or an alias) is defined}}. {{#if: yes|Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use |{{#if:at|at=}}.}}
nopp: Set to y to suppress the <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">p.</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">pp.</syntaxhighlight> notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |{{#if:page|page=}}Front cover.
OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |{{#if:page|page=}} or |{{#if:pages|pages=}}. Use only one of |{{#if:page|page=}}, |{{#if:pages|pages=}}, or |{{#if:at|at=}}.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

{{safesubst:#invoke:anchor|main}}

url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. See: WP:PAGELINKS.
accessdate: Full date when the contents pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.^{[date 1]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 2]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 3]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 4]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 5]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 6]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 7]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 8]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 9]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{The template only supports up to 9 references (edit it!).}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}  Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, accessdate is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but is required for links to news articles on commercial sites (these are changed from time to time, even if also published in a physical media). Note that accessdate is the date that the URL was checked to not only be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors.
archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see: Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and Internet Archive (see: Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archivedate and url.
archivedate: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.^{[date 1]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 2]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 3]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 4]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 5]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 6]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 7]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 8]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{[date 9]}{{#if:|^:}}{{#if:|^{The template only supports up to 9 references (edit it!).}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Do not wikilink.
deadurl: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |{{#if:deadurl|deadurl=}}no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.
template doc demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |{{#if:template doc demo|template doc demo=}}true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:



sp
"
'
<
>
[
]
{
|
}


%20
%22
%27
%3c
%3e
%5b
%5d
%7b
%7c
%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

 1 }}
     | references-column-width 
     | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}
   | {{#if: 
     | references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if: 
   | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}
     | Template:Column-width
     | Template:Column-count }}
   | {{#if: 
     | Template:Column-width }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch: date
   | upper-alpha
   | upper-roman
   | lower-alpha
   | lower-greek
   | lower-roman = date
   | #default = decimal}};">


↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Accessdate and archivedate in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{2}}}
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{3}}}
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{4}}}
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{5}}}
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{6}}}
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{7}}}
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{8}}}
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{9}}}

Anchor

ref: ID for anchor. By default, anchors are always generated. The ordinary nonempty value |{{#if:ref|ref=}}ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.

Identifiers

{{safesubst:#invoke:anchor|main}}

id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

{{safesubst:#invoke:anchor|main}}These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier.  In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822 or pmc=345678.

arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or arxiv=0706.0001 (since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".

asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn.
asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#if:yes|au, br, }} ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it{{#if:yes|, mx}}
bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H
doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (<syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">10.</syntaxhighlight>).
doi_brokendate: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at http://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi-broken-date
isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See: Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN). Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with  978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as |{{#if:isbn|isbn=}}0-902888-45-5. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN
issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space.
jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
jstor: JSTOR abstract; for example: "jstor=3793107" will generate JSTOR 3793107.
lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case.{{#if:yes|| A certain amount of reformatting may be necessary, such as the use of one or more zeroes instead of a hyphen; for example, if the book shows "Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-61500", this would be entered as |{{#if:lccn|lccn=}}89061500. Help with formatting may be found at LCCN (Library of Congress Control Number) and How does LCCN Permalink normalize LCCNs?}}
mr: Mathematical Reviews
oclc: OCLC
ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.
osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article.  E.g. pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also |{{#if:pmid|pmid=}} below; these are two different identifiers.{{#if:yes|
embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.}}
pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier. See also |{{#if:pmc|pmc=}} above; these are two different identifiers.
rfc: Request for Comments
ssrn: Social Science Research Network
zbl: Zentralblatt MATH

Quote

quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.{{#if: yes|| When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.}}

Laysummary

{{#if: yes|layurl|laysummary}}: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". {{#if: yes|Aliases: laysummary.|}}
laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as {{#ifeq:{{{lc}}}||shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes}}. Do not use in a list generated by {{{{#if: |subst:}}reflist{{#if:  ||{{{2}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{3}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{4}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{5}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{6}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{7}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{8}}}}}{{#if:  ||{{{9}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{10}}}}}{{#if: ||{{{11}}}}}{{#if: ||…}}}}, {{#switch:s

|c|close  = 
|s|single
|o|open
|p|pair   = <references{{#if:| {{{params}}}}}

}}{{#switch:s

|c|close  = 
|s|single =  />
|o|open   = >
|p|pair   = {{#ifeq:references|!--||>}}...

}}{{#switch:s

|s|single
|o|open   = 
|c|close
|p|pair   = {{#ifeq:references|!--|-->|</references>}}

}} or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.

author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); {{#if: yes|if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default|if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used}}; a space must be encoded as &#32;{{#if: yes|.| do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.}}
author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); {{#if: yes|if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default|if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used}}; a space must be encoded as &#32;{{#if: yes|.| do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.}}
display-authors: {{#if: yes|Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |{{#if:display-authors|display-authors=}}2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed except when there are nine authors, then the author list in the citation is truncated to eight authors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |{{#if:display-authors|display-authors=}}9. Aliases: displayauthors.|Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To control the displayed number of author names, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |{{#if:display-authors|display-authors=}}2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, the only the first eight cited authors are displayed; subsequent authors beyond eight are represented in the published citation by "et al." If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |{{#if:display-authors|display-authors=}}9. Aliases: displayauthors.}}

{{#if: yes|

display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |{{#if:display-editors|display-editors=}}2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed except when there are four editors, then the editor list in the citation is truncated to three editors, followed by "et al." This exception mimics the older version of the template for compatibility. If a citation contains four editor names and one wishes all four editor names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |{{#if:display-editors|display-editors=}}4. Aliases: displayeditors.}}
lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |{{#if:lastauthoramp|lastauthoramp=}}yes
postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to {{#if: yes|none|a period (.); {{#if: yes|for no terminating punctuation, specify |{{#if:postscript|postscript=}}none – leaving |{{#if:postscript|postscript=}} empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous|if the parameter is present, but blank, no terminating punctuation will be used}}}}. Ignored if quote is defined.
separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a {{#if: yes|comma and space (, )|period (.)}};  {{#if: yes|if the parameter is present, but blank, separator punctuation is set to the default|if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used}}; a space must be encoded as &#32;{{#if: yes|.|{{#if: yes|.| do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.}} }}

Subscription or registration required

{{#invoke:main|main}}
These parameters add a link note to the end of the citation:

registration: For online sources that require registration, set |{{#if:registration|registration=}}yes; superseded by subscription if both are set.
subscription: For online sources that require a subscription, set |{{#if:subscription|subscription=}}yes; supersedes registration if both are set.

ExamplesBooks




Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.

{{Citation
| last1  = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2  = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3  = Adams
| first3 = J.
| lastauthoramp = yes
| title     = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place     = Home Base, New York
| volume  = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year    = 2007
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


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    #if: 


,
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 & 
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    #if: 


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 & {{
       #if: 


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 et al.
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  }}

}}}}{{

#if: All the Presidents' Names


;|;|,}} "All the Presidents' Names"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

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 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Web




Web page

{{Citation
| url   = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work  = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher  = [[National Park Service]]
| accessdate = November 30, 2010
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


{{
    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


{{
    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ | ]]


     }}{{
       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: NPS Focus


;|;|,}} "NPS Focus"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Archived page

{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| accessdate = October 25, 2007
| publisher  = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year   = 1995
| author = NASA
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archivedate = October 13, 2007
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


{{
    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


{{
    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ | ]]


     }}{{
       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Earth's Atmosphere


;|;|,}} "Earth's Atmosphere"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals




Journal article

{{Citation
| last  = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume  = 12
| issue   = 2
| year    = 1976
| pages   = 1–8
| url     = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


{{
    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


{{
    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ | ]]


     }}{{
       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties


;|;|,}} "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Journal article with multiple authors and identifier

{{Citation
| last1  = Mandelkern
| first1 = M,
| last2  = Elias
| first2 = J,
| last3  = Eden
| first3 = D,
| last4  = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title   = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume  = 152
| issue   = 1
| pages   = 153–61
| year    = 1981
| pmid    = 7338906
| doi     = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


{{
    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


{{
    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ | ]]


     }}{{
       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: The dimensions of DNA in solution


;|;|,}} "The dimensions of DNA in solution"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Newspaper article

{{Citation
| last  = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| publication-place = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue  = 19
| date   = October 1, 1879
| year   = 1879
| page   = 289
| url    = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


{{
       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


{{
    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


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    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ | ]]


     }}{{
       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Last Testimony of Sister Emma


;|;|,}} "Last Testimony of Sister Emma"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Conference paper

{{Citation
| last  = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
 at NIST: The first 100 years
| year  = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| url       = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
| format    = PDF
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


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       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |{{
    #if: 


,
  }}]]


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    #if: 


,
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 


{{
    #if: 


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ | ]]


  }}{{
    #if: 


 & {{
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}}}}{{

#if: 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.


;|;|,}} "2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp."
}}{{

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;|;|,}} published
}}{{

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;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

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;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

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}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles




Manuscript published in an edited compilation

{{Citation
| last  = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| year = 1876
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


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       #if: 


 
     }}

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}}}}{{

#if: Early Mormon Documents


;|;|,}} "Early Mormon Documents"
}}{{

 #if: 1996


;|;|,}} published 1996
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

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;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

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}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Work with an editor but no author

{{Citation
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
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#if: Early Mormon Documents


;|;|,}} "Early Mormon Documents"
}}{{

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;|;|,}} published 1996
}}{{

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;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

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;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

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citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Encyclopedia article by a named author

{{Citation
| last  = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link  = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last  = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages  = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
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}}}}{{

#if: Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing


;|;|,}} "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing"
}}{{

 #if: 1999


;|;|,}} published 1999
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

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;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Encyclopedia article with no named author

{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}


{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
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}}}}{{

#if: Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing


;|;|,}} "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing"
}}{{

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;|;|,}} published
}}{{

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;|;|,}} issued
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citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article




Manuscript edited and published in a journal

{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}

{{
 #if: 


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 


 
     }}]


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       #if: 


 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

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    #if: 


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    #if: 


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       #if: 


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       #if:


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History


;|;|,}} "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History"
}}{{

 #if: 1976


;|;|,}} published 1976
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}



Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.

{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| contribution = Affidavit
| year = 1872
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| contribution-url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}


{{
 #if: 


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#if: Mountain Meadows Massacre


;|;|,}} "Mountain Meadows Massacre"
}}{{

 #if: September 24, 1872


;|;|,}} published September 24, 1872
}}{{

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;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Press release




Press release with quotation

{{Citation
| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| accessdate = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3}}


{{
 #if: 


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       #if:


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     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day


;|;|,}} "Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

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;|;|,}} issued
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Citing patentsParameters (all are optional)




{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
| ref =
}}


inventor-last (or inventor1-last): The inventor's surname or last name.
inventor-first (or inventor1-first): The inventor's first or given name(s).
inventorlink (or inventorlink1): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor.
inventor2-last, inventor3-last, inventor4-last: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
inventor2-first, inventor3-first, inventor4-first: The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
inventorlink2, inventorlink3, inventorlink4: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable.
publication-date: Date of publication or filing.
issue-date (or date): Date patent was issued by patent agency.
title: Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "&#91;" for "[" and "&#93;" for "]"
country-code: Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent.
description: Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
patent-number: The number of the patent.
ref: Anchor id.

Examples



United States patent with multiple inventors

{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}


{{
 #if: Degermark


{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6266706

[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6266706 US{{
       #if: 


 
     }} 6266706]


US{{
       #if: 


 
     }} 6266706

}}{{#if:Degermark|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 


[[ |Degermark{{
    #if: Mikael


, Mikael
  }}]]


Degermark{{
    #if: Mikael


, Mikael
  }}

}}{{

 #if: Brodnik


{{
    #if: Carlsson


; 

 & 
  }}{{
    #if: 


[[ |Andrej Brodnik]]

Andrej Brodnik
  }}{{
    #if: Carlsson


 & {{
       #if: 


[[ |Svante Carlsson]]

Svante Carlsson
     }}{{
       #if:Pink


 et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams


;|;|,}} "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams"
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}} published
}}{{

 #if: 2001


;|;|,}} issued 2001
}}{{

 #if: 


;|;|,}}  assigned to
}}{{

 #if: 


 and
}}{{#if:|||.}} 


citation

CitationClass=citation

separator=,

ref=harv

postscript=
}}
}}

Anchored citations

This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |{{#if:ref|ref=}}harv generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template. To disable anchor generation, specify |{{#if:ref|ref=}}none (in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the |{{#if:ref|ref=}}ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

{{

 #if:

|{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

|[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}]
|{{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 
 |[[ |{{
    #if: 
    |, 
  }}]]
 |{{
    #if: 
    |, 
  }}

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{
    #if: 
    |; 
    | & 
  }}{{
    #if: 
    |[[ | ]]
    | 
  }}{{
    #if: 
    | & {{
       #if: 
       |[[ | ]]
       | 
     }}{{
       #if:
       | et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Civilization and Its Discontents
|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} "Civilization and Its Discontents"

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} published

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} issued

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}}  assigned to

}}{{

 #if: 
 |  and

}}{{#if:|||.}} 
|{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation
|separator=,
|ref=harv
|postscript=
}}
}}
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "{{#invoke:Footnotes | harvard_citation }}", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
{{

 #if:

|{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

|[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}]
|{{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

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 |[[ |{{
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  }}]]
 |{{
    #if: 
    |, 
  }}

}}{{

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    #if: 
    |; 
    | & 
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    #if: 
    |[[ | ]]
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    #if: 
    | & {{
       #if: 
       |[[ | ]]
       | 
     }}{{
       #if:
       | et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray
|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} "Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray"

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} published

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} issued

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}}  assigned to

}}{{

 #if: 
 |  and

}}{{#if:|||.}} 
|{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation
|separator=,
|ref=harv
|postscript=
}}
}}
In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREF{{#if:||Wright}}{{#if:||Evans}}{{#if:||1851}}{{#if:||}}{{#if:||}}".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as

17. {{#invoke:Footnotes|harvard_citation_no_bracket}}

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |{{#if:last1|last1=}} (or |{{#if:last|last=}}), |{{#if:last2|last2=}}, |{{#if:last3|last3=}}, and |{{#if:last4|last4=}}, and similarly for |{{#if:editor1-last|editor1-last=}} etc. and for |{{#if:inventor1-last|inventor1-last=}} etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|{{#if:author|author=}}Sigmund Freud" with "|{{#if:first|first=}}Sigmund |{{#if:last|last=}}Freud", or add "|{{#if:ref|ref=}}{{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|{{#if:ref|ref=}}EgoId") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |{{#if:year|year=}}. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |{{#if:date|date=}} (or, if no date is given, from |{{#if:publication-date|publication-date=}}) by applying the MediaWiki#time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |{{#if:year|year=}}. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |{{#if:year|year=}}2005 rather than |{{#if:date|date=}}2005.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:

{{

 #if:

|{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

|[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}]
|{{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

 #if: 
 |[[ |{{
    #if: 
    |, 
  }}]]
 |{{
    #if: 
    |, 
  }}

}}{{

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    #if: 
    |; 
    | & 
  }}{{
    #if: 
    |[[ | ]]
    | 
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    #if: 
    | & {{
       #if: 
       |[[ | ]]
       | 
     }}{{
       #if:
       | et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income
|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income"

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} published

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} issued

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}}  assigned to

}}{{

 #if: 
 |  and

}}{{#if:|||.}} 
|{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation
|separator=,
|ref=harv
|postscript=
}}
}}

{{

 #if:

|{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=

|[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}]
|{{
       #if: 
       | 
     }}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} {{

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    #if: 
    |, 
  }}]]
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    #if: 
    |, 
  }}

}}{{

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    | & 
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    #if: 
    |[[ | ]]
    | 
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    #if: 
    | & {{
       #if: 
       |[[ | ]]
       | 
     }}{{
       #if:
       | et al.
     }}
  }}

}}}}{{

#if: Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States
|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States"

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} published

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}} issued

}}{{

 #if: 
 |{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}|;|;|,}}  assigned to

}}{{

 #if: 
 |  and

}}{{#if:|||.}} 
|{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation
|separator=,
|ref=harv
|postscript=
}}
}}
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g., "|{{#if:year|year=}}2008a" and "|{{#if:year|year=}}2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.

Dates

 1 }}
     | references-column-width 
     | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }}
   | {{#if: 
     | references-column-width }} }}" style="{{#if: 
   | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: 1 > 1 }}
     | Template:Column-width
     | Template:Column-count }}
   | {{#if: 
     | Template:Column-width }} }} list-style-type: {{#switch: "n"
   | upper-alpha
   | upper-roman
   | lower-alpha
   | lower-greek
   | lower-roman = "n"
   | #default = decimal}};">


↑ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
2009
2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)
14 September 2009
September 14, 2009 (with comma)
September 2009

Dates should not be linked in references.

Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

Tools

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

Template Data

{{#invoke:Message box|mbox}}

{{#if:| |This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.}}
Citation

{{#ifeq:doc|sandbox||

}}
<templatedata>
{
	"description": "The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.",
	"params": {
		"last": {
			"label": "author surname",
			"type": "string",
			"description": "surname of the author of the cited material"
		},
		"first": {
			"label": "author given name",
			"type": "string",
			"description": "given name (first name) of the author of the cited material"
		},
		"title": {
			"label": "title of source",
			"type": "string",
			"description": "Title of source; displays in italics."
		},
		"date": {
			"label": "date of source",
			"type": "string",
			"description": "Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher."
		},
		"url": {
			"label": "url of source",
			"type": "string",
			"description": "URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found."
		},

       "1": {
           "label": "1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "2": {
           "label": "2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "3": {
           "label": "3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor-surname": {
           "label": "inventor-surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor1-surname": {
           "label": "inventor1-surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor-last": {
           "label": "inventor-last",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor1-last": {
           "label": "inventor1-last",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor": {
           "label": "inventor",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "invent1": {
           "label": "invent1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "invent-1": {
           "label": "invent-1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "country-code": {
           "label": "country-code",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor2-surname": {
           "label": "inventor2-surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor2-last": {
           "label": "inventor2-last",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor2": {
           "label": "inventor2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "invent2": {
           "label": "invent2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor3-surname": {
           "label": "inventor3-surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor3-last": {
           "label": "inventor3-last",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor3": {
           "label": "inventor3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "invent3": {
           "label": "invent3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor4-surname": {
           "label": "inventor4-surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor4-last": {
           "label": "inventor4-last",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor4": {
           "label": "inventor4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "invent4": {
           "label": "invent4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor-given": {
           "label": "inventor-given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor1-given": {
           "label": "inventor1-given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor-first": {
           "label": "inventor-first",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor1-first": {
           "label": "inventor1-first",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor2-given": {
           "label": "inventor2-given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor2-first": {
           "label": "inventor2-first",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor3-given": {
           "label": "inventor3-given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor3-first": {
           "label": "inventor3-first",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor4-given": {
           "label": "inventor4-given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventor4-first": {
           "label": "inventor4-first",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventorlink1": {
           "label": "inventorlink1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventorlink": {
           "label": "inventorlink",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventorlink2": {
           "label": "inventorlink2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventorlink3": {
           "label": "inventorlink3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "inventorlink4": {
           "label": "inventorlink4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "country": {
           "label": "country",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "publication-number": {
           "label": "publication-number",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "patent-number": {
           "label": "patent-number",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "number": {
           "label": "number",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "description": {
           "label": "description",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "status": {
           "label": "status",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "publication-date": {
           "label": "publication-date",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "pubdate": {
           "label": "pubdate",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "issue-date": {
           "label": "issue-date",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "gdate": {
           "label": "gdate",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "year": {
           "label": "year",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "fdate": {
           "label": "fdate",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "pridate": {
           "label": "pridate",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "assign1": {
           "label": "assign1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "assign2": {
           "label": "assign2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "ref": {
           "label": "ref",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "separator": {
           "label": "separator",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "separator": {
           "label": "separator",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "quote": {
           "label": "quote",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "postscript": {
           "label": "postscript",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author-separator": {
           "label": "author-separator",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author-mask": {
           "label": "author-mask",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authormask": {
           "label": "authormask",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname": {
           "label": "surname",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last1": {
           "label": "last1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname1": {
           "label": "surname1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author1": {
           "label": "author1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author": {
           "label": "author",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authors": {
           "label": "authors",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last2": {
           "label": "last2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname2": {
           "label": "surname2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author2": {
           "label": "author2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last3": {
           "label": "last3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname3": {
           "label": "surname3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author3": {
           "label": "author3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last4": {
           "label": "last4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname4": {
           "label": "surname4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author4": {
           "label": "author4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last5": {
           "label": "last5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname5": {
           "label": "surname5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author5": {
           "label": "author5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last6": {
           "label": "last6",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname6": {
           "label": "surname6",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author6": {
           "label": "author6",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last7": {
           "label": "last7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname7": {
           "label": "surname7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author7": {
           "label": "author7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last8": {
           "label": "last8",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname8": {
           "label": "surname8",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author8": {
           "label": "author8",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "last9": {
           "label": "last9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "surname9": {
           "label": "surname9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author9": {
           "label": "author9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first1": {
           "label": "first1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given1": {
           "label": "given1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given": {
           "label": "given",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first2": {
           "label": "first2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given2": {
           "label": "given2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first3": {
           "label": "first3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given3": {
           "label": "given3",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first4": {
           "label": "first4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given4": {
           "label": "given4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first5": {
           "label": "first5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given5": {
           "label": "given5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first6": {
           "label": "first6",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given6": {
           "label": "given6",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first7": {
           "label": "first7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given7": {
           "label": "given7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first8": {
           "label": "first8",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given8": {
           "label": "given8",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "first9": {
           "label": "first9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "given9": {
           "label": "given9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author-link": {
           "label": "author-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author1-link": {
           "label": "author1-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink": {
           "label": "authorlink",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink1": {
           "label": "authorlink1",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author2-link": {
           "label": "author2-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink2": {
           "label": "authorlink2",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author3-link": {
           "label": "author3-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink3": {
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           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author4-link": {
           "label": "author4-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink4": {
           "label": "authorlink4",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author5-link": {
           "label": "author5-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink5": {
           "label": "authorlink5",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author6-link": {
           "label": "author6-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink6": {
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           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author7-link": {
           "label": "author7-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink7": {
           "label": "authorlink7",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "author8-link": {
           "label": "author8-link",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
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       "authorlink8": {
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           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
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       "author9-link": {
           "label": "author9-link",
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           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "authorlink9": {
           "label": "authorlink9",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "coauthor": {
           "label": "coauthor",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "coauthors": {
           "label": "coauthors",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "origyear": {
           "label": "origyear",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "month": {
           "label": "month",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "trans_chapter": {
           "label": "trans_chapter",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "trans_title": {
           "label": "trans_title",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "type": {
           "label": "type",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "archiveurl": {
           "label": "archiveurl",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "deadurl": {
           "label": "deadurl",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "series": {
           "label": "series",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "version": {
           "label": "version",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "journal": {
           "label": "journal",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "periodical": {
           "label": "periodical",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "newspaper": {
           "label": "newspaper",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "magazine": {
           "label": "magazine",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "work": {
           "label": "work",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "volume": {
           "label": "volume",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "issue": {
           "label": "issue",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "pages": {
           "label": "pages",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "page": {
           "label": "page",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
           "required": false
       },
       "at": {
           "label": "at",
           "description": "",
           "type": "string",
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This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}}

[date-2] Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

[{{{2}}}-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{2}}}

[{{{3}}}-4] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{3}}}

[{{{4}}}-5] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{4}}}

[{{{5}}}-6] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{5}}}

[{{{6}}}-7] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{6}}}

[{{{7}}}-8] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{7}}}

[{{{8}}}-9] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{8}}}

[{{{9}}}-10] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{9}}}

[date-12] 1.0 ^1.1 Accessdate and archivedate in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See: MOS:DATEUNIFY.

[{{{2}}}-13] 2.0 ^2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{2}}}

[{{{3}}}-14] 3.0 ^3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{3}}}

[{{{4}}}-15] 4.0 ^4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{4}}}

[{{{5}}}-16] 5.0 ^5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{5}}}

[{{{6}}}-17] 6.0 ^6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{6}}}

[{{{7}}}-18] 7.0 ^7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{7}}}

[{{{8}}}-19] 8.0 ^8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{8}}}

[{{{9}}}-20] 9.0 ^9.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named {{{9}}}

[dates-1] The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
2009

2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)

14 September 2009

September 14, 2009 (with comma)

September 2009
Dates should not be linked in references. Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

[20] 2009

[21] 2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)

[22] 14 September 2009

[23] September 14, 2009 (with comma)

[24] September 2009

[n 1]

[date 1]

[date 2]

[date 3]

[date 4]

[date 5]

[date 6]

[date 7]

[date 8]

[date 9]

[date 1]

[date 2]

[date 3]

[date 4]

[date 5]

[date 6]

[date 7]

[date 8]

[date 9]

Web page	{{Citation \| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ \| title = NPS Focus \| work = National Register of Historic Places \| publisher = [[National Park Service]] \| accessdate = November 30, 2010 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: NPS Focus	;\|;\|,}} "NPS Focus" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Archived page	{{Citation \| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html \| title = Earth's Atmosphere \| accessdate = October 25, 2007 \| publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] \| year = 1995 \| author = NASA \| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html \| archivedate = October 13, 2007 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Earth's Atmosphere	;\|;\|,}} "Earth's Atmosphere" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}

Journal article	{{Citation \| last = Hill \| first = Marvin S. \| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties \| journal = BYU Studies \| volume = 12 \| issue = 2 \| year = 1976 \| pages = 1–8 \| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties	;\|;\|,}} "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier	{{Citation \| last1 = Mandelkern \| first1 = M, \| last2 = Elias \| first2 = J, \| last3 = Eden \| first3 = D, \| last4 = Crothers \| first4 = D \| display-authors = 2 \| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution \| journal = J Mol Biol \| volume = 152 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 153–61 \| year = 1981 \| pmid = 7338906 \| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: The dimensions of DNA in solution	;\|;\|,}} "The dimensions of DNA in solution" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Newspaper article	{{Citation \| last = Smith \| first = Joseph III \| author-link = Joseph Smith III \| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma \| newspaper = The Saints' Herald \| publication-place = Plano, IL \| volume = 26 \| issue = 19 \| date = October 1, 1879 \| year = 1879 \| page = 289 \| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Last Testimony of Sister Emma	;\|;\|,}} "Last Testimony of Sister Emma" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Conference paper	{{Citation \| last = Sullivan \| first = D.B. \| contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years \| year = 2001 \| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. \| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology \| url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf \| format = PDF }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.	;\|;\|,}} "2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp." }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}

Manuscript published in an edited compilation	{{Citation \| last = Bidamon \| first = Emma Smith \| author-link = Emma Hale Smith \| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim \| date = March 27, 1876 \| year = 1876 \| editor-last = Vogel \| editor-first = Dan \| title = Early Mormon Documents \| volume = 1 \| publisher = Signature Books \| publication-date = 1996 \| isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Early Mormon Documents	;\|;\|,}} "Early Mormon Documents" }}{{ #if: 1996	;\|;\|,}} published 1996 }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Work with an editor but no author	{{Citation \| editor-last = Vogel \| editor-first = Dan \| title = Early Mormon Documents \| volume = 1 \| publisher = Signature Books \| publication-date = 1996 \| isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Early Mormon Documents	;\|;\|,}} "Early Mormon Documents" }}{{ #if: 1996	;\|;\|,}} published 1996 }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Encyclopedia article by a named author	{{Citation \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| author-link = Martin Kramer \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| publication-date = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/ martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing	;\|;\|,}} "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing" }}{{ #if: 1999	;\|;\|,}} published 1999 }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Encyclopedia article with no named author	{{Citation \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| year = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/ martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing	;\|;\|,}} "Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing" }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} published }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}

Manuscript edited and published in a journal	{{Citation \| last = Knight \| first = Joseph, Sr. \| year = 1833 \| editor-last = Jessee \| editor-first = Dean \| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History \| journal = BYU Studies \| volume = 17 \| issue = 1 \| publication-date = 1976 \| page = 35 \| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History	;\|;\|,}} "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" }}{{ #if: 1976	;\|;\|,}} published 1976 }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.	{{Citation \| last = Klingensmith \| first = Philip \| contribution = Affidavit \| year = 1872 \| date = September 5, 1872 \| place = Lincoln County, Nevada \| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre \| editor-last = Toohy \| editor-first = Dennis J. \| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter \| publication-date = September 24, 1872 \| publication-place = Corinne, Utah \| volume = 5 \| issue = 252 \| page = 1 \| contribution-url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }}	{{ #if:	{{#if:http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=	[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX= {{ #if:	}}]	{{ #if:	}} }}{{#if:\|{{#ifeq:{{{seperator}}}\|;\|;\|,}} {{ #if:	[[ \|{{ #if:	, }}]]	{{ #if:	, }} }}{{ #if:	{{ #if:	;	& }}{{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	& {{ #if:	[[ \| ]]	}}{{ #if:	et al. }} }} }}}}{{ #if: Mountain Meadows Massacre	;\|;\|,}} "Mountain Meadows Massacre" }}{{ #if: September 24, 1872	;\|;\|,}} published September 24, 1872 }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} issued }}{{ #if:	;\|;\|,}} assigned to }}{{ #if:	and }}{{#if:\|\|\|.}}	citation	CitationClass=citation	separator=,	ref=harv	postscript= }} }}

Template:Citation/doc

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